RDBMS

A relational database like SQL is a collection of data items organized in tables. ACID is a set of properties of relational database transactions.

• Atomicity - Each transaction is all or nothing
• Consistency - Any transaction will bring the database from one valid state to another
• Isolation - Executing transactions concurrently has the same results as if the transactions were executed serially
• Durability - Once a transaction has been committed, it will remain so

There are many techniques to scale a relational database: master-slave replication, master-master replication, federation, sharding, denormalization, and SQL tuning.

To learn more, visit the following links:

• Is there a good reason I see VARCHAR(255) used so often?
• How we optimized PostgreSQL queries 100x
• How do NULL values affect performance in a database search?
• Slow Query Log